TEMPO.CO, Jakarta - The World Bank has revealed that Indonesia had the fourth-highest percentage of poor people in the world among upper-middle-income countries in 2024, with 60.3 percent of its population living below the poverty line. This marks a slight improvement from the 61.8 percent recorded the previous year.
In its April 2025 edition of the Macro Poverty Outlook, the World Bank defined the poverty line for upper-middle-income countries as US$6.85 per capita per day, equivalent to around Rp110,867 per person per day, based on a 2017 purchasing power parity (PPP) standard and assuming an exchange rate of Rp16,135 per US dollar.
The World Bank also sets poverty thresholds based on global standards. The international poverty line is set at US$2.15 per capita per day, or approximately Rp34,690. Meanwhile, for lower-middle-income countries, the poverty line is set at US$3.65 per day, or around Rp58,892.
As of 2023, the World Bank officially classified Indonesia as an upper-middle-income country. Consequently, Indonesia’s poverty statistics are now assessed using the US$6.85 benchmark. Based on this threshold, 60.3 percent of Indonesians were considered poor in 2024.
Which other countries rank alongside Indonesia in terms of high poverty rates? According to the World Bank, the top 10 countries with the highest proportion of poor people among upper-middle-income nations in 2024 were:
- South Africa – 63.4 percent
- Namibia – 62.5 percent
- Botswana – 61.9 percent
- Indonesia – 60.3 percent
- Guatemala – 57.3 percent
- Equatorial Guinea – 57.0 percent
- Armenia – 51.0 percent
- Fiji – 50.1 percent
- Georgia – 35.6 percent
- Gabon – 34.6 percent
Meanwhile, the top 10 countries with the highest poverty rates among lower-middle-income countries in 2024 were:
- Zambia – 80.2 percent
- Nigeria – 74.8 percent
- Tanzania – 72.8 percent
- Timor-Leste – 71.6 percent
- Republic of the Congo – 70.9 percent
- Kenya – 68.7 percent
- Haiti – 65.4 percent
- Zimbabwe – 62.7 percent
- Lesotho – 58.7 percent
- Angola – 57.9 percent
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